Manje, kuya ngokuya kuba nzima ukuthenga imithombo yezimbiwa emhlabeni jikelele.Ngoba izimoto zikagesi zisebenzisa izinsiza ezigxile kakhulu kunezinsiza zendabuko ezifana namafutha.Amazwe angu-3 aphezulu anezinqolobane ze-lithium ne-cobalt alawula cishe u-80% wengcebo yomhlaba.Amazwe ayizinsiza aseqalile ukubusa izinsiza.Uma amazwe afana ne-Europe, i-United States kanye ne-Japan engakwazi ukuqinisekisa izinsiza ezanele, izinhloso zabo zokuqeda ikhabhoni zingafinyelelwa.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo ye-decarbonization, kuyadingeka ukushintsha ngokuqhubekayo izimoto zikaphethiloli ngezimoto zamandla amasha njengezimoto zikagesi, futhi esikhundleni sokuphehla amandla ashisayo kufakwe amandla avuselelekayo.Imikhiqizo efana nama-electrode ebhethri nezinjini azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa namaminerali.Kubikezelwa ukuthi isidingo se-lithium sizokhuphuka sibe izikhathi ezingu-12.5 ze-2020 ngo-2040, futhi isidingo se-cobalt sizokhuphuka sibe izikhathi ezingu-5.7.Ukwenziwa luhlaza kochungechunge lokuphakelwa kukagesi kuzoqhuba ukukhula kwesidingo sezimbiwa.
Njengamanje, zonke izintengo zezimbiwa ziyenyuka.Thatha i-lithium carbonate esetshenziswa ekwenzeni amabhethri njengesibonelo.Kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, intengo yokuthengiselana yaseShayina njengenkomba yemboni ikhuphuke yafinyelela ku-190,000 yuan ngethani.Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqala kuka-August, inyuke izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-2, ivuselela intengo ephakeme kakhulu emlandweni.Isizathu esiyinhloko ukungasabalalisi ngokungalingani kwezindawo zokukhiqiza.Thatha i-lithium njengesibonelo.I-Australia, i-Chile, ne-China, ephakathi kwamathathu aphezulu, yenza u-88% wesabelo sokukhiqizwa kwe-lithium emhlabeni wonke, kanti i-cobalt yenza u-77% wesabelo somhlaba wonke samazwe amathathu okuhlanganisa neDemocratic Republic of Congo.
Ngemva kokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi eside kwemithombo yendabuko, izindawo zokukhiqiza ziye zanda kakhulu, futhi isabelo esihlangene samazwe angu-3 aphezulu kuwoyela negesi yemvelo singaphansi kwama-50% engqikithi yomhlaba.Kodwa njengoba nje ukwehla kokuhlinzekwa kwegesi yemvelo eRussia kuholele ekwenyukeni kwentengo yegesi eYurophu, ingozi yokuvinjwa kokuhlinzekwa kwemithombo yendabuko nayo iyanda.Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emithonjeni yezimbiwa enezinga eliphezulu lezindawo zokukhiqiza, okuholela ekugqameni "kobuzwe bezinsiza".
IDemocratic Republic of Congo, ephethe cishe u-70% wokukhiqizwa kwe-cobalt, kubonakala sengathi isiqalile izingxoxo zokubuyekeza izinkontileka zentuthuko ezisayinwe nezinkampani zaseChina.
I-Chile ibuyekeza umthethosivivinywa wokwenyuswa kwentela.Njengamanje, izinkampani ezinkulu zezimayini ezandisa amabhizinisi azo ezweni kudingeka ukuthi zikhokhe intela yezinkampani ezingama-27% kanye nentela yezimayini ekhethekile, kanti izinga lentela langempela lilinganiselwa ku-40%.I-Chile manje idingida intela entsha engu-3% yenani layo kumaminerali ezimayini, futhi icabanga ukwethula indlela yesilinganiso sentela exhunywe nentengo yethusi.Uma kwenzeka, izinga lentela langempela lingase lenyuke lifinyelele cishe ku-80%.
I-EU iphinde ihlole izindlela zokunciphisa ukuncika kwayo ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe ngokwakha izinsiza zesifunda nokwakha amanethiwekhi okugaya kabusha.Inkampani yezimoto zikagesi iTesla ithole idiphozithi ye-lithium eNevada.
IJapan, enezinsizakusebenza eziyindlala, ayikwazanga ukuthola isisombululo sokukhiqiza ekhaya.Ukuthi ingakwazi yini ukusebenzisana ne-Europe kanye ne-United States ukuze kwandiswe imigudu yokuthenga kuyoba ukhiye.Ngemuva kwe-COP26 ebanjwe ngo-Okthoba 31, ukuncintisana mayelana nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa usushube kakhulu.Uma noma ubani ehlangabezana nezihibe ekuthengeni izinsiza, kungenzeka ngempela ukuthi ashiywe wumhlaba.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-19-2021