- I-Indonesia ihlela ukuyeka ukwakha izitshalo ezintsha ezibaselwa ngamalahle ngemuva kuka-2023, namandla kagesi engeziwe azokhiqizwa kuphela emithonjeni emisha nevuselelekayo.
- Ongoti bezentuthuko kanye nezinkampani ezizimele balwamukele lolu hlelo, kodwa abanye bathi akusilo ibhongo ngoba lusabandakanya ukwakhiwa kwezindawo ezintsha zamalahle esezisayiniwe.
- Uma lezi zitshalo sezakhiwe, zizosebenza amashumi eminyaka ezayo, futhi ukukhishwa kwazo kuzosho inhlekelele yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
- Kuphinde kube nokuphikisana ngokuthi uhulumeni uthatha ini amandla "amasha navuselelekayo", lapho ahlanganisa khona ilanga nomoya eduze kwe-biomass, i-nuclear, namalahle afakwe umoya.
Umkhakha ovuselelekayo wase-Indonesia ulandela kakhulu omakhelwane bawo eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia - naphezu kokuhlanganisa imithombo “evuselelekayo” evame ukuvunyelwa njengelanga, i-geothermal kanye ne-hydro, kanye nemithombo “emisha” eyimpikiswano efana ne-biomass, i-biofuel esekwe kuwoyela wesundu, amalahle anegesi, futhi, ngokwethiyori, i-nuclear.Kusukela ngo-2020, le mithombo yamandla emisha nevuselelekayoyenziwe kuphelaI-11.5% yegridi kagesi yezwe.Uhulumeni ulindele ukukhiqiza u-23% wamandla wezwe emithonjeni emisha nevuselelekayo ngo-2025.
Amalahle, i-Indonesia enezinto eziningi eziwagcinayo, enza cishe u-40% wengxubevange yamandla ezwe.
I-Indonesia ingafinyelela ukukhishwa kwe-net-zero ngo-2050 uma ukukhishwa kwezitshalo zamandla kuncishiswa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngakho-ke ukhiye wokuqala ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukwakha izitshalo zamalahle ezintsha okungenani ngemva kuka-2025. Kodwa uma kungenzeka, ngaphambi kuka-2025 kungcono.
Ukubandakanywa kwemboni ezimele
Ngesimo samanje, lapho umhlaba wonke uphokophele ekususeni i-carbon umnotho, umkhakha ozimele e-Indonesia udinga ukuguqula.Phambilini izinhlelo zikahulumeni bezigcizelela ukuthi kwakhiwe izimboni zamalahle kodwa manje sekuhlukile.Ngakho-ke, izinkampani zidinga ukujikeleza ekwakheni izimboni zamandla avuselelekayo.
Izinkampani kumele zibone ukuthi alikho ikusasa lezibaso ezimbiwa phansi, njengoba izikhungo zezimali ziyanda zimemezele ukuthi zizohoxisa uxhaso lwezinhlelo zamalahle ngaphansi kwengcindezi ekhulayo yabathengi kanye nabanikazi bamasheya abafuna kuthathwe izinyathelo mayelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
ISouth Korea, ebixhase ngamandla izimboni zokuphehla amandla ngamalahle phesheya kwezilwandle, okuhlanganisa ne-Indonesia, phakathi kuka-2009 no-2020, isanda kumemezela ukuthi izoyiqeda yonke imali entsha yamaphrojekthi wamalahle aphesheya kwezilwandle.
Wonke umuntu uyabona ukuthi izitshalo zamalahle azinalo ikusasa, pho kungani uzihlupha ngokuxhasa ngezimali amaphrojekthi amalahle?Ngoba uma bexhasa ngezimali izitshalo ezintsha zamalahle, kunethuba lokuthi zibe yimpahla engasebenzi.
Ngemuva kuka-2027, izitshalo zamandla elanga, okuhlanganisa indawo yazo yokugcina, kanye nezitshalo zamandla omoya zizokhiqiza ugesi oshibhile uma uqhathaniswa nezitshalo zamalahle.Ngakho-ke uma i-PLN iqhubeka nokwakha izitshalo ezintsha zamalahle ngaphandle kokumiswa isikhashana, amandla okuthi lezo zitshalo zibe yimpahla engasebenzi makhulu.
Umkhakha ozimele kufanele ubambe iqhaza [ekuthuthukiseni amandla avuselelekayo].Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho kunesidingo sokuthuthukisa amandla amasha navuselelwayo, vele umeme imboni ezimele.Uhlelo lokumisa ukwakha izizinda zamalahle ezintsha kufanele lubonwe njengethuba lokuthi umkhakha ozimele utshale imali ezintweni ezivuselelekayo.
Ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwemboni yangasese, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuthuthukisa umkhakha ovuselelekayo e-Indonesia.
Amashumi eminyaka amaningi okuvutha kwamalahle
Nakuba ukubeka umnqamulajuqu wokwakhiwa kwezitshalo ezintsha zamalahle kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile, akwanele ukuthi i-Indonesia isuke kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi.
Uma lezi zitshalo zamalahle sezakhiwe, zizosebenza amashumi eminyaka ezayo, okuzokhiya i-Indonesia emnothweni osebenzisa ikhabhoni ngaphezu komnqamulajuqu ka-2023.
Ngaphansi kwesimo esingcono kakhulu, i-Indonesia idinga ukuyeka ukwakha izitshalo ezintsha zamalahle kusukela manje ngaphandle kokulinda ukuqedela uhlelo lwe-35,000 MW kanye nohlelo luka-[7,000 MW] ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nomgomo wokunciphisa ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke ku-1.5° Celsius ngo-2050.
Ubuchwepheshe bokugcina ibhethri bezinga elikhulu obudingekayo ukwenza umoya nelanga buthembeke kakhudlwana buhlala bubiza kakhulu.Lokho kunikeza noma iluphi ushintsho olusheshayo nolukhulu ukusuka emalahleni ukuya ezintweni ezivuselelekayo endaweni lapho kungafinyeleleki khona okwamanje.
Futhi, intengo ye-solar yehle kakhulu kangangokuthi umuntu angakha ngokweqile uhlelo ukuze anikeze amandla anele, ngisho nangezinsuku eziguqubele.Futhi njengoba uphethiloli ovuselelekayo umahhala, ngokungafani namalahle noma igesi yemvelo, ukukhiqiza ngokweqile akuyona inkinga.
Ukuqedwa kwezitshalo ezindala
Ongoti sebecele ukuthi izitshalo zamalahle ezindala, abathi zingcolisa kakhulu futhi kubiza ukusetshenzelwa, zisheshe zihoxiswe.Uma sifuna ukuhambisana [nomgomo wethu wesimo sezulu], sidinga ukuqala ukususa amalahle kusukela ngo-2029, ngokushesha kuba ngcono.Sihlonze izimboni eziguga zokuphehla ugesi ezingase ziqedwe ngaphambi kuka-2030, osekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-30 zisebenza.
Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje uhulumeni akakazimemezeli izinhlelo zokuqeda izitshalo ezindala zamalahle.Kuzophelela kakhulu uma i-PLN nayo inomgomo wokuqeda, ngakho-ke ungamane umise ukwakha izitshalo ezintsha zamalahle.
Ukuqedwa okuphelele kwazo zonke izitshalo zamalahle kungenzeka kuphela eminyakeni engama-20 kuya kwengama-30 kusukela manje.Noma kunjalo, uhulumeni uzodinga ukubeka imithethonqubo esekela ukuqedwa kwamalahle kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezivuselelekayo.
Uma yonke [imithethonqubo] ihambisana, imboni ezimele ayinankinga nakancane uma izimboni zamalahle ezindala zivalwa.Isibonelo, sinezimoto ezindala kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980 ezinezinjini ezingasebenzi kahle.Izimoto zamanje zisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-19-2021