Intengo yemishini yelanga yehle ngo-89% kusukela ngo-2010. Ingabe izoqhubeka nokushibhile?
Uma unentshisekelo kumandla elanga namandla avuselelekayo, cishe uyazi ukuthi izintengo zobuchwepheshe bomoya nelanga zehle inani elimangalisayo eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Kunemibuzo embalwa abanikazi bezindlu abacabanga ukuhamba ngelanga abavame ukuba nayo.Esokuqala sithi: Ingabe amandla elanga aya eshibhile?Okunye ukuthi: Uma i-solar ibiza kancane, kufanele ngilinde ngaphambi kokufaka amaphaneli elanga endlini yami?
Intengo yamaphaneli elanga, ama-inverter, namabhethri e-lithium ashibhile kule minyaka eyi-10 edlule.Amanani kulindeleke ukuthi aqhubeke nokwehla - empeleni, i-solar kulindeleke ukuthi yehle kancane kancane ngentengo ngonyaka ka-2050.
Kodwa-ke, izindleko zokufakwa kwe-solar ngeke zehle ngezinga elifanayo ngoba izindleko ze-hardware zingaphansi kuka-40% wethegi yentengo yokusetha i-solar yasekhaya.Ungalindeli ukuthi ilanga lasekhaya lishibhe ngendlela emangalisayo ngokuzayo.Eqinisweni, izindleko zakho zingase zikhuphuke njengoba izaphulelo zendawo nezikahulumeni ziphelelwa yisikhathi.
Uma ucabanga ukungeza i-solar ekhaya lakho, ukulinda cishe ngeke kukugcinele imali.Faka amaphaneli akho elanga manje, ikakhulukazi ngoba amakhredithi entela aphelelwa yisikhathi.
Kubiza malini ukufaka amaphaneli elanga endlini?
Kunezici eziningi ezingena ezindlekweni zesistimu yephaneli yelanga lasekhaya, futhi kuningi ukukhetha ongakwenza okuthinta intengo yokugcina oyikhokhayo.Noma kunjalo, kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi athini amathrendi embonini.
Intengo uma iqhathaniswa neminyaka engu-20 noma engu-10 edlule iyamangalisa, kodwa ukwehla kwentengo kwakamuva akucishe kufane.Lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe ungalindela ukuthi izindleko zelanga ziqhubeke zehle, kodwa ungalindeli ukonga kwezindleko ezinkulu.
Amandla elanga ehle kangakanani?
Intengo yamaphaneli elanga yehle ngenani elimangalisayo.Emuva ngo-1977, intengo yamaseli e-solar photovoltaic yayingu-$77 nge-watt eyodwa nje yamandla.Namuhla?Ungathola amaseli elanga anenani eliphansi njengo-$0.13 iwathi ngayinye, noma cishe izikhathi ezingu-600 ngaphansi.Izindleko ngokuvamile bezilandela uMthetho kaSwanson, othi intengo yelanga lehla ngo-20% kukho konke ukuphindwa kabili komkhiqizo othunyelwe.
Lobu budlelwano phakathi komthamo wokukhiqiza kanye nentengo kuwumphumela obalulekile, ngoba njengoba uzobona, wonke umnotho womhlaba ushintsha ngokushesha ubheke kumandla avuselelekayo.
Iminyaka engu-20 edlule ibe yisikhathi sokukhula okumangalisayo kwe-solar esabalalisiwe.I-solar esatshalaliswayo isho amasistimu amancane angeyona ingxenye yesikhungo sokuphehla ugesi - ngamanye amazwi, amasistimu ophahla kanye negceke elingemuva emakhaya namabhizinisi ezweni lonke.
Bekunemakethe encane ngo-2010, futhi iye yaqhuma eminyakeni edlule.Ngenkathi kube nokwehla ngo-2017, ijika lokukhula ngo-2018 nasekuqaleni kuka-2019 liqhubekile liye phezulu.
Umthetho weSwanson uchaza ukuthi lokhu kukhula okukhulu kuholele kanjani ekwehleni okukhulu kwentengo: izindleko zemojula yelanga zehle ngo-89% kusukela ngo-2010.
Izindleko zezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ziqhathaniswa nezindleko ezithambile
Uma ucabanga ngesimiso sonozungezilanga, ungase ucabange ukuthi yi-hardware eyenza izindleko eziningi: ama-racking, izintambo, ama-inverter, kanye nama-solar panel ngokwawo.
Eqinisweni, i-hardware yenza ama-36% kuphela wezindleko zesistimu yelanga yasekhaya.Okunye kuthathwa yizindleko ezithambile, okuyizinye izindleko umfaki welanga okufanele azithwale.Lokhu kufaka phakathi yonke into kusukela emsebenzini wokufaka nezimvume, ukuya ekutholweni kwamakhasimende (okungukuthi, ukuthengisa nokumaketha), kuya phezulu okuvamile (okungukuthi ukugcina izibani zikhanya).
Uzoqaphela futhi ukuthi izindleko ezithambile ziba amaphesenti amancane ezindleko zesistimu njengoba usayizi wesistimu ukhula.Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi njengoba usuka endaweni yokuhlala uye kumaphrojekthi esikali sosizo, kodwa izinhlelo zokuhlala ezinkulu ngokuvamile zinenani eliphansi nge-watt ngayinye kunezinhlelo ezincane.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izindleko eziningi, ezifana nezimvume nokutholwa kwamakhasimende, azishintshile futhi azihlukani kakhulu (noma nhlobo) ngosayizi wesistimu.
Ngabe ilanga lizokhula kangakanani emhlabeni jikelele?
I-United States empeleni akuyona imakethe enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ye-solar.I-China idlula i-US kude, ifaka i-solar cishe ngokuphindwe kabili izinga lase-US.I-China, njengezifundazwe eziningi zase-US, inethagethi yamandla avuselelekayo.Baphokophele u-20% wamandla avuselelekayo ngo-2030. Lokho kuwushintsho olukhulu ezweni elisebenzisa amalahle ukuze linikeze amandla ingxenye enkulu yokukhula kwezimboni zalo.
Ngo-2050, u-69% kagesi womhlaba uzovuselelwa.
Ngo-2019, amandla elanga ahlinzeka ngo-2% kuphela wamandla omhlaba, kodwa azokhula afinyelele ku-22% ngo-2050.
Amabhethri amakhulu, esikali segridi azoba yimbangela eyinhloko yalokhu kukhula.Amabhethri azobe eshibhe ngo-64% ngo-2040, futhi umhlaba uzobe usufake amandla ebhethri angu-359 GW ngo-2050.
Inani elihlanganisiwe lokutshalwa kwezimali elanga lizofinyelela ku-$4.2 trillion ngo-2050.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ukusetshenziswa kwamalahle kuzokwehla ngesigamu emhlabeni jikelele, kuze kufike ku-12% wesamba esiphakelwa amandla.
Izindleko zokuhlala ezifakwe nge-solar ziyekile ukwehla, kodwa abantu bathola imishini engcono
Umbiko wakamuva ovela e-Berkeley Lab ubonisa ukuthi izindleko ezifakiwe ze-solar yokuhlala zehlile eminyakeni embalwa edlule.Eqinisweni, ngo-2019, intengo emaphakathi ikhuphuke cishe ngama- $0.10.
Ebusweni bayo, lokho kungenza kubonakale sengathi ilanga seliqalile ukubiza kakhulu.Akwenzekanga: izindleko ziyaqhubeka nokwehla minyaka yonke.Eqinisweni, okwenzekile ukuthi amakhasimende ahlala endaweni afaka imishini engcono, futhi athola inani eliningi ngemali efanayo.
Isibonelo, ngo-2018, amakhasimende angama-74% ahlala akhetha ama-inverter amancane noma ama-inverter asekelwe ku-power optimizer ngaphezu kwama-inverter ezintambo angabizi kakhulu.Ngo-2019, leli nani lenyuke kakhulu laya ku-87%.
Ngokufanayo, ngo-2018, umnikazi welanga ojwayelekile wayefaka amaphaneli elanga asebenza kahle ngo-18.8%, kodwa ngo-2019 ukusebenza kahle kukhuphuke kwafinyelela ku-19.4%.
Ngakho-ke ngenkathi inani le-invoyisi labo abanikazi bezindlu abakhokhela ilanga kulezi zinsuku liyisicaba noma likhuphuka kancane, bathola okokusebenza okungcono ngemali efanayo.
Ingabe kufanele ulinde ukuthi ilanga lishibhe?
Ingxenye enkulu ngenxa yemvelo enenkani yezindleko ezithambile, uma uzibuza ukuthi kufanele yini ulinde izindleko zehle kakhulu, singancoma ukuthi ungalindi.U-36% kuphela wezindleko zokufakwa kwe-solar ekhaya ezihlobene nezindleko zehadiwe, ngakho-ke ukulinda iminyaka embalwa ngeke kuphumele ohlotsheni lokwehla kwentengo okumangazayo esikubone esikhathini esidlule.I-solar hardware isivele ishibhile kakhulu.
Namuhla, kungaba umoya noma i-PV imithombo emisha kagesi eshibhe kakhulu emazweni akha cishe u-73% we-GDP yomhlaba.Futhi njengoba izindleko ziqhubeka nokwehla, silindele ukuthi umoya wokwakha kabusha kanye ne-PV ishibhile kunokusebenzisa izimboni zamandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi ezikhona.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-29-2021