Muva nje, izindaba zokulinganiswa kwamandla ezifundazweni ezihlukahlukene zaseShayina zivame ukuvela, futhi amaphaneli elanga ashiwo ohlwini oluningi lwezinto eziphuthumayo zasendlini, ukuze ibhizinisi lokuphehlwa kwamandla elanga lasekhaya kuxoxwe ngalo ngabasebenzisi abaningi be-inthanethi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, esimweni sokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kanye neziqongo zekhabhoni, izindleko zokuphehla amandla amalahle zikhuphukile, futhi isidingo sezinye izindlela zamandla amasha sikhuphuke;intengo yemishini yokukhiqiza amandla elanga iqhubekile nokuwa, engakwazi nje ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iyazenzela, kodwa futhi ithengisele izinkampani zamandla ukuze zenze imali.Ingabe asikho isikhala esengeziwe sokuthuthukiswa kwamandla elanga asekhaya?
Nokho, isikhathi sokubuyisela side, imbuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali iphansi, futhi asikho isisusa sokususa uxhaso;indawo yokuthunyelwa inezidingo ezithile, futhi ukufakwa ophahleni kuyinkinga kakhulu ngesikhathi sokulungiswa nokulungiswa;ukugcinwa nokulungiswa njalo kuyadingeka, okuletha izindleko ezengeziwe.
Emuva ngo-1860, abanye ososayensi babekholelwa ukuthi izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi zaziyoba yindlala, futhi izinto zokusebenza ezinjengamaphaneli e-photovoltaic nabaqoqi belanga zaqala ukuthandwa;Nokho, kuze kube yilolu suku, amandla elanga asabhekwa njengamandla amasha kanye nemboni entsha ekukhuphukeni.Idatha yemboni ye-photovoltaic 2019 yemboni kuSemina Yokubuyekezwa Kwentuthuko Engxenyeni Yokuqala Yonyaka kanye Namathemba Engxenye Yesibili Yonyaka ibonise ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamandla avela emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo njengamandla elanga kubalwe kuphela u-20% wawo wonke amandla. isizukulwane.
Uma sibheka imakethe yomhlaba wonke, uhlobo olulodwa izakhamuzi zamazwe anamuhla aseNtshonalanga njengeYurophu, iMelika ne-Australia, asekela ngenkuthalo amandla elanga asekhaya ukuze axazulule isidingo sikagesi.Ngo-2015, inani eliphelele elifakiwe lokuphehla amandla e-photovoltaic emhlabeni lidlule ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-40.Izimakethe ezinkulu yiJalimane, iSpain, neJapan., Italy, lapho iJalimane iyodwa yengeze ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-7 amandla afakiwe ngo-2015. Enye indawo yasemakhaya yaseShayina, okuyiyona nto okugxilwe kuyo kakhulu ekuphehlisweni kwamandla kagesi welanga.Izifunda eziningi ezimaphakathi nentshonalanga zibheka imboni ye-photovoltaic njengenye yezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuqeda ubumpofu.Isici esivamile sibuswa amabhilidi omndeni owodwa, futhi uphahla kulula ukudiliza nokululungisa.
Izinsiza zamandla elanga kanye nemboni yokuphehla amandla elanga kungenzeka zingahlotshaniswa kahle.Isibonelo, i-Afrika iyizwekazi elinokukhanya kwelanga kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi imithombo yamandla elanga miningi, kodwa empeleni, iNingizimu Afrika kuphela izwe elinamamegawathi angaphezu kuka-50 wezitshalo zikagesi we-photovoltaic.I-California ineziteshi eziningi zikagesi welanga kunayo yonke i-Afrika, futhi umthamo wamandla elanga afakiwe awuphinda kabili umthamo wokuphehla ugesi weNigeria yonke.Imithombo yamandla elanga yaseYurophu iyingxenye encane yase-Afrika, kodwa kunemishini eminingi yamandla elanga.
Ukusebenza kwalokhu kuhlukaniswa kwenza imboni yamandla elanga yasendlini yethule isakhiwo "esimise okwe-dumbbell", esigxile kakhulu ezifundeni ezithuthukile nezingathuthukisiwe.
Siyazi ukuthi izimakethe zabathengi zasemadolobheni nezasemadolobheni zivame ukuba “nemiphumela yemali engenayo,” “imiphumela yokubonisa,” “imithelela yokuxhumanisa,” kanye “nemithelela eqongelelekayo.”Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo semakethe esizinzile ngokuvamile "i-spindle" elawulwa abathengi abaphakathi.
Lokhu futhi kukhombisa iqiniso eliyisisekelo lokuthuthuka kwemboni yamandla elanga yasendlini: ukuletha ukukhula okusheshayo, kuyadingeka ukusheshisa ukwenziwa kahle kusuka "ohlotsheni lwe-dumbbell" kuya "kuhlobo lokuphotha", ukwamukela ngentshiseko izimakethe zasemadolobheni nezasemadolobheni, futhi aqedele isimo samanje “sokwehlukana”.
Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka yini ukusabalalisa ama-solar panels emadolobheni?
Kunzima ukunxenxa iningi lezakhamuzi zasemadolobheni ukuthi zitshale imali yangempela, abasebenzi kanye nezinsiza ezibonakalayo ukuze baziguqule ngokwethembela emizweni efana nokunakekela imvelo.
Ngakho-ke, amazwe amaningi azoklama uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokukhuthaza kanye noxhaso lapho kuqaliswa amasu esimeme kagesi.Isibonelo, ngo-2006, i-California Congress yethula uhlelo lwe-"California Solar Energy Initiative", oludale igagasi lokufaka amasistimu okukhiqiza amandla elanga asekhaya.
Izinqubomgomo zizodwa azanele.Abathengi basekhaya phakathi nemakethe badinga ukunqoba izithiyo ezintathu ukuze bamukele amandla elanga.
Okokuqala: Ingabe imodeli yebhizinisi inengqondo?
Ngokuvamile kunenkolelo yokuthi uhlelo lokuphehla amandla elanga lasendlini “ukutshalwa kwezimali ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukubuya kweminyaka engama-25”, kuwukutshalwa kwezimali okujwayelekile kwesikhathi eside.
Singabala i-akhawunti.Ngokuvamile, isistimu yokuphehla amandla e-photovoltaic engu-1kW ingasetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa ekhaya, umabonakude, kanye nekhompyutha;i-3kW photovoltaic power generation system ingahlangabezana nezidingo zikagesi zomndeni wabantu abangu-3, ikakhulukazi ugesi wasekhishini;5kW photovoltaic power generation Uhlelo lungahlangabezana nezidingo zomndeni wabantu aba-5.
Abasebenzisi basekhaya bavame ukukhetha amandla angu-5kW, ngokuvamile adinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okungu-40,000 kuya ku-100,000 wamayuan.Ngo-2017, ukufakwa kokukodwa kwesistimu yamandla elanga engu-5KW enkampanini eyaziwa kakhulu yaseShayina kwakudinga ama-yuan angu-40,000.Ngemuva koxhaso esifundazweni sase-US e-Arizona, isistimu yamandla elanga angu-5KW izobiza cishe u-$10,000.Ucwaningo lwabanikazi bezindlu abangu-2,200 lubonise ukuthi izindleko zokutshala izimali ziphezulu kakhulu ukuthi zingacatshangelwa.
Ukwengeza, ngokusebenzisa izindlela "zokusebenzisa wena, ugesi ongaphezulu ku-inthanethi" kanye "nokufinyelela ku-inthanethi okugcwele" ukuze uthole imbuyiselo kagesi, umjikelezo wenkokhelo ngokuvamile uthatha iminyaka engu-5-7 ngaphambi kokuthi ungene esikhathini senzuzo.
Njengamanje, uxhaso lwamandla aluhlaza emazweni ahlukahlukene ngokuvamile lucishe lube ngu-20-30%, futhi i-United States izohlinzeka ngo-26% wezindleko zokufakwa kwamasistimu kagesi welanga ngo-2020. Uma ukukhishwa okukhulu noxhaso kukhanseliwe, inzuzo umjikelezo uzoqhubeka nokunwetshwa.
Ngakho-ke, uma izakhamuzi zasemaphandleni zingenazo iziteshi zokutshala izimali eziphephile nezithembekile, kuyaqondakala ukutshala imali esele ekukhiqizeni amandla kagesi we-photovoltaic yasendlini.Kodwa-ke, izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni ezinezinga eliphezulu le-digitization kanye nemikhiqizo ecebile yezezimali kanye nezinsizakalo zingase zizwe sengathi ukunambitheka kancane ukuthembela kule nzuzo.
Isixazululo esiwusizo kakhulu cishe ukubeka iphaneli ye-photovoltaic ngaphandle kwefasitela ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokushaja eziphuthumayo zamakhompiyutha asekhaya, amafoni omakhalekhukhwini namanye amadivaysi.Kodwa ngale ndlela, singakanani indawo yemakethe ekhona?
Okwesibili: Ingabe kukhona ukuvikeleka kwesikhathi eside?
Yiqiniso, kungase kube khona abantu abazimisele ngokungenamibandela ukusekela amandla aluhlaza, noma nakuba ukubuya kuncane kodwa "imilenze yentethe nayo iyinyama", bazimisele ukufaka izinhlelo zokukhiqiza amandla elanga ezindlini zabo ukuze bacime ukomela kwabo ugesi. .Impela sinabangu-10,000 abasekela lo moya.Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokukhetha okokusebenza okufanele, kufanele ucabangisise mayelana nezindaba ezizosebenza kamuva nokulungiswa kwazo.
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kuthatha iminyaka engaphezu kwemi-5 ukuphehlwa kukagesi welanga ekhaya ukuze kugcinwe imali/inzuzo.Ukugcinwa kwamaphaneli e-photovoltaic, ukuguga kwamabhethri, kanye nokuncishiswa kwezingxenye ezihlobene kuzoletha isidingo sokuhlanza nokugcinwa isikhathi eside.Kuzothinta ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla okukhanya futhi kunciphise ukukhiqizwa kwamandla.
E-Australia nakwezinye izindawo, ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokuphehla amandla elanga asekhaya kwaqala eminyakeni engama-30 edlule, futhi kwakhiwa indlela yemakethe evuthiwe kanye nohlelo lwenkonzo.Abathengi akudingeki bakhathazeke kakhulu mayelana nabathengisi bemishini abagijimayo/bavala futhi bathole izinsiza zangemuva kokuthengisa;Izingozi zokuphepha.
Ukwengeza, isikhathi sokubuyisela izindleko zamandla elanga asekhaya side kakhulu, futhi ukusimama kwenqubomgomo kufanele kucatshangelwe.Ngaphandle kwalokho, uma kuba noshintsho, liyoba “isizukulwane samandla esinothando.”
Isibonelo, ngo-2015, eNigeria, e-Afrika yachitha ama-US $ 16 billion ukuthuthukisa amandla elanga, kodwa ekugcineni yehluleka ngenxa yezinkinga zikahulumeni.Yingakho umbiko we-grid ovate we-Global Industry Forum ukholelwa ukuthi amandla e-Afrika okuthuthukiswa kwamandla elanga angcono kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa kwangempela kwezimboni akwanele.
Indlela yokuqinisekisa yesikhathi eside esimeme futhi ebikezelwayo iyisihluthulelo sokuncintisana kwemboni yamandla elanga.
Okwesithathu: Ingabe ukuthuthukiswa kwedolobha kuvunyelwe?
Ngaphezu kwezimo eziqinile zemithombo yamandla elanga, ukuphehlwa kwamandla elanga asekhaya nakho kudingeka kusondele kugridi eyinhloko ukuze kuncishiswe ukutshalwa kwezimali ezintanjeni ezintsha zokudlulisa.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele ibe seduze nesikhungo sokulayisha amandla ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kokudluliswa kwamandla.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nabasebenzisi basezindaweni zasemakhaya abanomthwalo omncane kagesi futhi abahlakazekile, ukuthuthukiswa kwedolobha kwamandla kagesi elanga kubonakala kunonga kakhulu.Njengamanje, izinga lokuya emadolobheni laseShayina selifinyelele ku-56% ezibalweni, okubonakala sengathi kulethe indawo enkulu yemakethe, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha esimanje eYurophu naseMelika, "okugqugquzela ukuthuthela emadolobheni", ngesikhathi esifanayo. njengokwanda kwedolobha., Kuphinde kube nezinkinga eziningi.Isibonelo, ukuqoqwa kwemali enkulu yezimali kuholele emananini aphezulu wempahla.Indawo yokuhlala yomuntu ngamunye yamadolobha esigaba sokuqala njenge-Beijing, i-Shanghai, i-Guangzhou ne-Shenzhen iphansi kunesilinganiso sikazwelonke.Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele sithole amamitha-skwele angama-20-30 welanga, avulekile, Hlobo luni lomndeni oludingayo ukufaka ama-photovoltaic panel ophahleni olubheke eningizimu?Ezindaweni ezifana neJiangsu, lapho umnotho uthuthuke kakhudlwana, izindlu noma ama-villas ngokuvamile afakwa ophahleni.Izithiyo zamafa ziphinde zikhawulele isikali sabasebenzisi.
Esinye isibonelo, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwamadolobha amakhulu namaphakathi e-China esikhathini esidlule kushiye amaphutha amaningi engqalasizinda, indawo yomphakathi kanye nezinye izici.Ukufakwa kwamaphaneli e-photovoltaic esifundeni kuzothinta ngokwemvelo ubuhle bomphakathi futhi kubangele inani elithile lokungcola kokukhanya.Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi idolobha elisendleleni eya "enhle" lizokhuthaza kakhulu amapaneli we-blue wow photovoltaic.
Ingxenye emaphakathi yemakethe inzima ukuyihambisa.Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ukuphehlwa kukagesi welanga ekhaya kungakwazi ukuqhubeka?Akunjalo Empeleni.Namuhla, imizamo emikhulu yaseShayina yokukhuthaza ukufudukela kwabantu emadolobheni kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezindawo zasemakhaya ingase ilethe amathuba amasha embonini yasendlini yamandla elanga.Imakethe “ye-spindle” ingase ingabi ukukhuphuka kwe-China emaphakathi, kodwa futhi ingageleza isuka emsileni iye phakathi nendawo, akunjalo?
Mhlawumbe, ikusasa lamandla elanga lasendlini, njengezimboni eziningi, lilele emaphandleni aluhlaza kanye neChina yemvelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-24-2021